Synthesizing long-term time series to understand submerged macrophyte ecological dynamics and inform management
Abstract: Submerged macrophytes provide multiple ecosystem services, from food web maintenance to nutrient regulation, while also being threatened by many human pressures, most notably eutrophication, climate change and species invasion. However, long-term monitoring of submerged macrophytes is limited and scattered when existing, which hampers the evaluation of ecosystem provisioning in response to these threats. Drawing from examples in both lakes and rivers, I synthesize how submerged macrophytes are responding to various threats. By working from the local to the global spatial scale and across yearly to decadal temporal scale, I highlight the needs and opportunities in monitoring submerged macrophytes outside the temperate zone and throughout seasons. Using the example of the Water Framework Directive and invasive species monitoring, I will also discuss how analyzing long-term time series in a novel way can increase the understanding of ecological processes and inform management.
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