The authors developed a new algorithm DREAM(LoAX) as an effective conditioning tool to consider epistemic uncertainty in process-based models. It provides real-time diagnostic information of model failures for identification of uncertainty in data or flaws in model structure, and hence is a learning tool for limitations in current monitoring networks and development of future models.

The authors have compared the fish communities of Lake Gatun in the Panama Canal before and after the canal’s expansion in 2016: Marine fish species  now make up 76 percent of the total biomass of the fish population and are primarily large predatory fishes. The lake’s food web is changing and local fisheries are impacted. There is also an increased risk of fishes colonizing the opposite ocean.

The authors studied if the electrical conductivity can serve as a hydrological tracer to capture the intensity and duration of seasonal reverse flow phases in a specific section of River Spree. Moreover, they studied the effect of upstream transport on chemical water quality, i.e. on trace organic contaminant during these reverse flow phases.